Abstract :Consensus guidelines recommend implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) placement in those with symptomatic heart failure and persistent, reduced left ventricular systolic function despite optimal medical therapy, independent of the etiology of underlying heart failure. While recent trials have suggested lack of mortality benefit for primary prevention ICD among all patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy, it is important to recognize that certain subgroups of patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy may be more likely to benefit from ICD therapy. This review will discuss the evidence within some of the causes of nonischemic cardiomyopathy for ICD implantation, particularly those with cardiac sarcoidosis, left-ventricular non-compaction, peripartum cardiomyopathy and arrythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy.